提單(B/L)

定義 (Definition)

海運貨物的收據與所有權憑證，由承運人簽發，具有貨物收據、運送契約證明及物權憑證三大功能。

Ocean freight receipt and title document issued by carrier, serving as cargo receipt, contract evidence, and document of title.

實務範例 (Example)

正本提單（Original B/L）共三份，提貨時需繳回其中一份正本並加蓋公司章，其餘兩份自動失效。

Three original B/Ls are issued; surrender one original with company stamp for cargo release, others become void.

常見誤區 (Pitfalls)

• 正本提單遺失需辦理「提單掛失」手續，過程複雜且耗時
• 電放提單（Seaway Bill）無需正本即可提貨，但失去物權轉讓功能
• 提單日期即為裝船日期，影響信用狀審核與交貨期計算

Lost original B/L requires complex procedures; Seaway Bill allows release without original but loses title transfer function.