國貿條規(Incoterms)

定義 (Definition)

由國際商會（ICC）制定的國際貿易術語規則，定義買賣雙方在貨物交付、風險轉移、費用分擔等方面的責任。

Rules published by ICC defining responsibilities of buyers and sellers for delivery, risk transfer, and cost allocation in international trade.

實務範例 (Example)

Incoterms® 2020 共 11 個條款，分為適用於任何運輸方式的 7 個（EXW, FCA, CPT, CIP, DAP, DPU, DDP）及僅適用於海運的 4 個（FAS, FOB, CFR, CIF）。

Incoterms® 2020 has 11 terms: 7 for any transport mode (EXW, FCA, CPT, CIP, DAP, DPU, DDP) and 4 for sea/inland waterway only (FAS, FOB, CFR, CIF).

常見誤區 (Pitfalls)

• Incoterms 僅規範「交付義務」，不涉及所有權轉移或付款條件
• 必須註明版本（如 "FOB Incoterms® 2020"）以避免爭議
• FOB、CIF 僅適用於海運，空運應使用 FCA、CIP

Incoterms govern delivery obligations only, not ownership transfer or payment terms.